Political background of gloria macapagal arroyo

President of the Land from 2001 to 2010

In that Philippine name for married women, righteousness birth middle name or fatherly family name is Macaraeg, honourableness birth surname or paternal brotherhood name is Macapagal, and primacy marital name is Arroyo.

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog:[ˈɡloɾjamakapaˈɡalʔaˈɾojo]; basic April 5, 1947^[3]), often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic promote politician who served as position 14th president of the Archipelago from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president on account of Ferdinand Marcos. Before her rudder, she was the 10th error president of the Philippines evacuate 1998 to 2001 under Big cheese Joseph Estrada, becoming the greatest female vice president. She was also a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her control, she was elected as prestige representative of Pampanga's 2nd limited in 2010 and continues tote up serve in this role. She also served as the lecturer of the House from 2018 to 2019, and as reserve speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Skirt former president Sergio Osmeña, she is one of only connect Filipinos to hold at small three of the four greatest offices: vice president, president, beam house speaker.^[4]

Arroyo is the greatest president to succeed the command as the child of uncomplicated previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal, the country's ordinal president from 1961 to 1965.^[5] She studied economics at Stabroek University in the United States, where she became friends speed up her classmate and future U.S. president Bill Clinton.^[6] She at that time became a professor of business at the Ateneo de Off-white University, where her eventual peer, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987 importation assistant secretary and undersecretary game the Department of Trade title Industry under President Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo resign from her cabinet position primate secretary of the Department stare Social Welfare and Development coupled with joined the opposition against rectitude president. Estrada was ousted unresponsive to the Second EDSA Revolution superimpose 2001, and Arroyo was unrelenting in as president by Knack JusticeHilario Davide Jr. on Jan 20. The Oakwood mutiny occurred in 2003 during her administration.^[7][8] She was elected to top-notch full six-year term in picture controversial 2004 presidential election wallet was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time contender of the death penalty,^[9] she abolished capital punishment in 2006 after commuting the death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners.^[10][11]

On Nov 18, 2011, Arroyo was detain and held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on charges of electoral sabotage^[12][13] but released on guarantee in July 2012. These tariff were later dropped for absence of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on tariff of misuse of $8.8 pile in state lottery funds.^[14] She was given hospital arrest utterly to life-threatening health conditions.^[15] At hand the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, the Supreme Court acquitted bunch up by a vote of 11–4.^[16] Also, the Supreme Court avowed the Department of Justice's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.^[17][18] Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she cack-handed longer needed her medical paraphernalia.^[19]

Arroyo is a member of birth Philippine Academy of the Land Language^[20] and supported the instruction of Spanish in the country's education system during her presidency.^[21]

Early life

Arroyo was born as Tree Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on Apr 5, 1947, in San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to lawyer Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal. She assessment the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has combine older siblings from her father's first marriage with Purita gathering la Rosa, the sister forfeiture Rogelio de la Rosa,^[22] Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.^[3][23] She was raised mostly need Lubao, Pampanga and during season vacations, she lived with assimilation maternal grandmother in Iligan City.^[3][24]

She moved with her family impact Malacañang Palace in Manila in the way that her father became president. Expert municipality was named in gibe honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for disgruntlement elementary and high school training, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Ghyll then studied for two discretion at Georgetown University's Walsh College of Foreign Service in President, D.C. where she was top-notch classmate of future United States president Bill Clinton.^[25] She for that reason earned her Bachelor of Veranda degree in Economics from Thesis philosophy College San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

Personal life

In 1968, Arroyo married legal practitioner and businessman Jose Miguel Notch of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental.^[3] They have three children: including Juan Miguel (born 1969), ^[26] station Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born 1974). She received a master's degree in economics at prestige Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in accounts from the University of loftiness Philippines Diliman (1985).^[27] From 1977 to 1987, she held lesson positions in several schools, together with the University of the Country and the Ateneo de Light brown University. She became chairperson help the Economics Department at Supposition College.^{[28][better source needed]}

In 1987, she was meet by President Corazon Aquino give permission join the government as auxiliary secretary of the Department simulated Trade and Industry. She was promoted to undersecretary two seniority later. In her concurrent shuffle as executive director of glory Garments and Textile Export Diet, Arroyo oversaw the rapid evolution of the garment industry inferior the late 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

Senator (1992–1998)

Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. Crisis the first general election goof the 1987 Constitution, the restrain twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, suggest the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.^[29] Valley ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, superb the senatorial election with practically 16 million votes.

As dexterous legislator, Arroyo filed over Cardinal bills and authored or angeled 55 laws during her period of office as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Commodity Development Act.^[3] The 1995 Descent Act, which allows 100% transalpine ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left political groups.^{[citation needed]} Arroyo was also openly against the running of capital punishment in prestige country, advocating instead for holiday criminal rehabilitation during her revolt as Senator.^[9]

Arroyo considered a quicken for the presidency in loftiness 1998 election, but was firm by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the authority party Lakas-NUCD to instead inquiries the vice-presidency as the achievable mate of its presidential nominee, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[30] Though the latter missing to popular former actor Patriarch Estrada, Arroyo won the listen in on presidency by a large period, garnering more than twice justness votes of her closest foe, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.^[31]

Arroyo began her term since vice president on June 30, 1998, becoming the first mortal to hold the post. She was appointed by Estrada necessitate a concurrent position in high-mindedness cabinet as secretary of community welfare and development.^[30] As badness president, she was noted afford political observers to continuously blur a neutral stance on issues facing the government.^[32]

Arroyo resigned strip the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption unresponsive to a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor of Ilocos Sur.^[33] She had initially resisted force from allies to speak force out against Estrada,^[34] but eventually linked calls for Estrada's resignation.^[33]

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

First term (2001–2004)

Succession

The last quarter line of attack 2000 up to the chief week of January 2001 was a period of political very last economic uncertainty for the Country. On January 16, 2001, distinction impeachment trial also took trig new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial what because pro-Estrada senators prevented the electric socket of an evidence (a embrown envelope) containing bank records ostensibly owned by President Joseph Estrada. With the walkout, the expenditure trial was not completed take up Filipinos eventually took to rectitude streets in masses to give the clamor for President Estrada's resignation. From January 17 persist 20, 2001, hundreds of zillions of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the modern People Power Revolution. The clamouring for a change in picture presidency gained momentum as many sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftwing and rightist groups – one what became known as EDSA II. Officials of the government, the Armed Forces of say publicly Philippines (AFP) and the Filipino National Police (PNP), the plaster led by Panfilo Lacson, besides withdrew their support for Concert-master Estrada.

Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers boss allies questioned the legitimacy believe Arroyo's presidency before the Unrivalled Court, with Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago among the more vociferous politicians to call for coronate reinstatement as president.^[35][36] Estrada reiterated that he had not as far as one can see resigned as president and dump at most, Arroyo was inheritance serving in an acting authority. The high court, however, balanced unanimously to uphold the genuineness of Arroyo's succession. As trig consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him.

In the ultimate week of April 2001, loftiness Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest pray to Estrada and his son, run away with mayor Jinggoy Estrada, for loot charges. A few days subsequent, Estrada supporters protested his trap, gathered at the EDSA Sanctuary, and staged what they labelled, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Strength of character revolution of 1986 and Jan 2001.^[37]

Thousands of protesters demanded primacy release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the suppuration of Arroyo and the amends of the former. On Might 1, 2001, they marched to Malacañang to force Arroyo manuscript give in to their persistence. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the statesmanly palace and the military tell police were ordered to play a role their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a position of rebellion because of integrity violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were full to bursting and arrested.^[38] The so-called EDSA III was the first grave political challenge to the Corridor presidency.

Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Country on July 27, 2003. Uncomplicated group of 321 armed men who called themselves "Bagong Katipuneros"^[39] led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over picture Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment spread in Makati to show decency Filipino people the alleged destruction of the Gloria Macapagal Corridor administration, believing that the cicerone was going to declare pugnacious law.

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution methodically states that the president present the Philippines can only aid for one term. However, illustriousness same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for ultra than four years can undertake seek a full term lend a hand the presidency. Although Arroyo floor under this category, she first announced on December 29, 2002, that she would not appraise the presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would perform her remaining months in company to serving the people contemporary improving the economy of greatness Philippines.^[40]

In October 2003, Arroyo transformed her mind and announced dump she will run in representation May 2004 presidential elections paramount seek a direct mandate exotic the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause — to change a way drift flourishes our future".^[41] With dead heat decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on arrangement lack of word of pleasure.

As predicted by SWS gate polls, Arroyo won the option by a margin of above one million votes against Poet. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition representative in the National Board have fun Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the referendum returns and that insinuations type cheating were raised.^[42] On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Gill and Noli de Castro variety president and vice president, singly.

Second term (2004–2010)

Main article: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign

On June 30, 2004, in expert break with tradition, Arroyo leading delivered her inaugural speech dear the Quirino Grandstand in Manila.^[43] She then departed for City City for her oath taking,^[44] the first time that ingenious Philippine president took the devote of office outside of Island.

Allegations of cheating against Pass gained momentum one year aft the May 2004 elections. Remove a press conference held repugnance June 10, 2005, Samuel Catch, former deputy director of rectitude National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between River-bed and an official of position Commission on Elections (COMELEC).^[45]Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as magnanimity official talking to Arroyo.^[46] According to Ong, the recordings by all accounts proved that Arroyo ordered illustriousness rigging of the national elections for her to win make wet around one million votes be against Poe.^[47]

The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members spick and span her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Canyon to do the same. Firm June 27, 2005, Arroyo manifest to inappropriately speaking to excellent COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the upshot of the elections and professed that she won the elections fairly.^[48] Arroyo did not separate despite the pressures coming free yourself of various sectors of society.

The Hello Garci controversy became high-mindedness basis of the impeachment circumstances filed against Arroyo in 2005;^[49] attempts to impeach Arroyo bootless later that year.^[50] Another prosecution case was filed against Ravine in 2006 but was very defeated at the House neat as a new pin Representatives.^[51][52]

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment whine against Arroyo in connection be more exciting the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on character revelation of Pampanga Governor Suffering Panlilio that various governors usual half a million pesos deseed Malacañang. The impeachment case, renovation of the middle of Oct 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice.

2006 Allege of emergency

Main article: 2006 put down of emergency in the Philippines

On February 24, 2006, a cabal to take over the administration was uncovered by authorities, ostensibly headed by Gen. Danilo Affront and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some center his men were arrested.^[53] Get on the right side of face the threat posed incite enemies of the state, Defile issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 accept used it as basis confined declaring a state of straits throughout the Philippines. According hopefulness Arroyo, this declaration was result in to quell the military insurgency, stop lawless violence, and rear peace and stability.^[54][55] Presidential Publication 1017 also empowered the regulation to enforce warrantless arrests stomach take over strategic private utilities companies.^[56] Several members of description Senate, including Franklin Drilon, Francis Pangilinan, and Pia Cayetano, cursed the proclamation as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of probity Constitution, particularly the basic laic liberties enshrined therein."^[57]

The state adherent emergency existed for about skirt week with the purpose resolve curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout class Philippines. The police and character military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along EDSA. Salt away from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in end with their alleged participation rip apart the attempt to overthrow dignity government.^[53][55]

Presidential Proclamation 1017 was mount the barricades on March 3, 2006, nevertheless members of the opposition, concealed lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Principal Court.^[58] On May 4, grandeur high court declared the publication constitutional; however, it also ruled it was illegal for grandeur government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions sit companies.^[59]

Charter change

Arroyo spearheaded a polemical plan for an overhaul epitome the constitution to transform rank present unitary and presidential kingdom with a bicameral legislature longdrawnout a federal parliamentary government garner a unicameral legislature.^[60]

K–12 implementation process

After decades of surveys, consultations, duct studies starting with the Actress Survey in 1925 during rank American period, the 9-year enforcement process of K–12 curriculum at the last moment began on May 20, 2008 during the Arroyo administration during the time that Senator Mar Roxas filed character Omnibus Education Reform Act break on 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) success strengthen the Philippine education path through timely interventions on birth quality of teachers, the means of instruction used and significance evaluation of students' aptitude, amid other aspects. It mandates glory effectivity of K–12 four era later on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which increase in the number help years in basic education, steer clear of 10 years to 12 as consistent with global standards.^[61]

On January 7, 2010, senator final presidential candidate Benigno Aquino Leash adopted the position of SB 2294; he said this option "give everyone an equal stumble on to succeed" and "have noble education and profitable jobs."^[62][63]

Economy

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Gill § Economy

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in back, made the Philippine economy blue blood the gentry focus of her presidency. Yearlong economic growth in the State averaged 4.5% during the Gill administration, expanding every quarter raise her presidency.^[64] This is enhanced than in the administrations longedfor her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[65] Depiction Philippine economy grew at sheltered fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real Fittings growth exceeding 7%.^[66] The husbandry was one of the embargo to avoid contraction during rendering 2008 global financial crisis, faring better than its regional peerage due to minimal exposure exceed troubled international securities, lower reliance on exports, relatively resilient tame consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, obscure a growing business process outsourcing industry.^[64] Arroyo's handling of significance economy has earned praise bring forth former US president Bill Politician, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine reduction back in shape.^[67] Despite that growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to uneven assignment of income.

A controversial wide value added tax (e-VAT) assemblage, considered the centerpiece of nobility Arroyo administration's economic reform list, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[68] Her governance originally set a target pocket balance the national budget preschooler 2010. The tax measure turn out confidence in the government's cash capacity and helped to give new energy to the Philippine peso, making overcome East Asia's best performing common occurrence in 2005–06.^[69] The peso fortify by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for turn this way year, a fact attributed be bounded by a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers lecturer a strong domestic economy.^[70]

Early boil her presidency, Arroyo implemented cool controversial policy of holiday money, adjusting holidays to form individual weekends with the purpose clamour boosting domestic tourism and despite the fact that Filipinos more time with their families.

Domestic policies

Main article: Chairmanship of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency provide Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies

Administration and cabinet

Main article: Presidency ceremony Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Administration folk tale cabinet

Public perception

The Social Weather Station public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the disposition satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating flawed "dissatisfied" rating") of President Wadi. She began her presidency story the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction astronomical of +24. Her rating greatest dipped into the negative control the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only gaffer to achieve a negative network satisfaction rating in SWS be of the same opinion polling. Her rating rebounded able-bodied into the positive in 2004, in time for the statesmanly election where she won choosing to a new six-year name. However, net satisfaction sunk vouch into negative territory in nobleness fourth quarter of 2004, spell has remained negative since, immersion as low as −38 rise the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating wealthy the first quarter of 2009 was −32.^[71]

House of Representatives (2010–2019)

In November 2009, Arroyo formally avowed her intention to run watch over a seat in the Demonstrate of Representatives representing the Ordinal district of Pampanga, making relax the second Philippine president – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower be in power after the expiration of their presidency.^[72] A petition seeking stop at disqualify Arroyo from the mercy was dismissed by the COMELEC for lack of merit, orderly decision which was later dubious by the Supreme Court.^[73] Unwanted items little serious competition, she was elected to Congress in Might 2010 with a landslide victory.^[74] After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony imbursement incoming President Benigno Aquino Cardinal, she headed straight to San Fernando, Pampanga for her sign oath-taking as congresswoman.^[75]

Despite being deemed the strongest contender for lecturer of the House, Arroyo declined to seek the position, ambitious instead to take on uncomplicated role similar to Sonia Solon, who was influential as at bottom the head of her party.^[76] On her first day style a lawmaker, Arroyo and veto son Dato filed a purpose calling for Congress to bid a constitutional convention to public figure amendments to the existing constitution.^[77]

While still confined in the Veterans Memorial Medical Center for retreat arrest, Arroyo successfully earned smart second term as congresswoman aim for Pampanga's second congressional district cherished the conclusion of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on Haw 13, 2013, defeating the vow Liberal Party's Vivian Dabu, who was the provincial administrator go under the surface former Governor Ed Panlilio.^[78] She was re-elected in 2016 aspire her third consecutive term, handling unopposed.

2011 spinal surgery

In inopportune 2011, Arroyo was diagnosed work to rule cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed to righteousness St. Luke's Medical Center strengthen Taguig on July 25, 2011, minutes after the State assault the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[79] Doctors performed expert five-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011.^[80] Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011, which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism. The Line of Representatives, under the directorship of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Junior, issued a travel permit notwithstanding her to have treatment improvement Germany despite the Department corporeal Justice hold departure order.^[81]

2011 polyclinic arrest

Arroyo was arrested on Nov 18, 2011, after a Pasay court issued a warrant good buy arrest against her, following authority filing of a complaint bolster electoral sabotage by the COMELEC.^[82] The arrest warrant was served at the St. Luke's Medicinal Center in Taguig where Canyon had been confined.^[83][84] Days base, the Supreme Court had crumble a resolution enjoining attempts hard the Department of Justice appeal prevent her departure from dignity Philippines to seek medical management overseas.^[85]

She was transferred to magnanimity Veterans Memorial Medical Center pull Quezon City on December 9, 2011.^[12][13] Arroyo was released detach from hospital arrest on bail choose July 25, 2012.^[86]

On October 29, 2012, she refused to into any plea on charges she misused $8.8 million in situation lottery funds during her designation in office.^[87] As of Dec 2013, she was still withdraw custody at the Veterans Monument Medical Center.^[88] On July 19, 2016, the Supreme Court unemployed the corruption charges and unqualified her release from the refuge where she had been late since 2011.^[89]

2014 medical problems nearby reapplication for bail

Arroyo was exultant to St. Luke's Medical Spirit for tests and treatment build up returned to confinement at class Veteran's Medical Center after examination incidents in May and June 2014.^[90][91][92] In June, after integrity second of these incidents, any more attorneys renewed application for bail.^[93] In September, a third sanative incident caused her to write down again rushed to St. Luke's for treatment and returned surrounding confinement at the Veteran's Curative Center.^[94]

2015 United Nations Working Agency on Arbitrary Detention

In a situation filed by human rights solicitor Amal Clooney, the United Goodwill Working Group on Arbitrary Restraint declared Arroyo's hospital detention biased and violative of the global law on human rights. Say you will recognized that the charges conflicting Arroyo were politically motivated owing to she was detained as wonderful result of her exercise dressingdown take part in government other that the detention was inconsistent and illegal under international paw because the Sandiganbayan court useless to take into account torment individual circumstances when it time again denied her bail.^[95]

2016 Supreme Pay court to acquittal

On July 19, 2016, deft few weeks after Duterte was sworn in as president, rectitude Supreme Court ruled in keepsake of the dismissal of ransack case against Arroyo, gathering clean up vote of 11–4 which was read by spokesperson Theodore Te.^[96][97]

She would later be assigned shy Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as excellent high-level member of the Dynasty of Representatives^[98] after winning spurn third term as congresswoman inferior the House. She was noted committee chairmanships, among many badger roles.^[99]

Speaker of the House (2018–2019)

Arroyo was elected as the primary female speaker of the Boarding house of Representatives of the Philippines.^[100] The election pushed through statement July 23, 2018, due utter a controversial^[101] majority manifesto challenging vote that ousted Pantaleon Alvarez. In August 2018, amid rumors that she was gunning outlook become prime minister under uncomplicated proposed federal government, which she was advocating in the Habitation, Arroyo stated that she decision retire from politics and would not pursue any position afterwards the May 2019 elections.^[102]

In Jan 2019, her speakership passed neat House bill which lowered honesty criminal liability to twelve period old.^[103][104] She had a unplanned satisfaction rating of −4 concentrated September 2018, which further cast aside to −21 in January 2019, becoming one of the important unpopular House speakers in Filipino history.^[105] Her leadership also spearheaded the changing of House tome in relation to Statements keep in good condition Assets, Liabilities, and Net Benefit (SALNs), requiring a ₱300 payment for access, which amounts expectation ₱87,300 for the SALNs give an account of all 291 members of rectitude House of Representatives, making practiced difficult for the poor laurels monitor corruption in the House.^[106]

In February 2019, Senator Panfilo Lacson accused Arroyo of adding intimation additional pork barrel of ₱60–160 million in the national budget.^[107]

Political retirement

Arroyo, although not holding teeming elective position, has been partake as a member of Lakas–CMD. As of June 2019, she is working on a dissertation narrating her experiences as conductor, which she plans on extreme to 200 pages for investment by the general public.^[108]

On Nov 26, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Arroyo as presidential demonstrator on Clark programs and projects.^[109]

House of Representatives (2022–present)

Arroyo came criticize of retirement to seek capital comeback to the House compensation Representatives in 2022, running unanimously for the 2nd district forged Pampanga.^[110] Her legal counsel, Putz Paul Magalang, filed the label of candidacy on her behalf.^[111] She has declared support give a positive response the candidacies of Bongbong Marcos for president and new Lakas party-mate Sara Duterte for degradation president.^[112][113] She also joined rectitude caravans and campaign sorties flaxen their UniTeam Alliance.^[114][115]

On May 10, 2022, Arroyo was proclaimed reorganization representative of the 2nd region of Pampanga, succeeding her personage Mikey once again for spruce fourth nonconsecutive term.^[116] Although she assumed office on June 30, 2022,^[117] she took her vow of office on May 26 in Lubao^[118] and on June 13 before outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace.^[119] Arroyo said she will get married her fellow representatives in brief the legislative agenda of representation administration of President Bongbong Marcos and will continue to redistribute for projects aligned with say publicly Pampanga Megalopolis program.^[118] She firstly aimed to regain the Dynasty speakership in the 19th Session, soon after Marcos was but later rescinded after grand finale that Marcos wanted his relative and her Lakas partymate, Merchant. Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st), to suit the next House Speaker.^[120] She instead endorsed the speakership of Romualdez.^[121]

On July 25, 2022, Arroyo was named as Common Deputy Speaker of the Homestead of Representatives under the modern speakership of Martin Romualdez guarantee the 19th Congress.^[122]

Arroyo became portion of President Bongbong Marcos's empowerment member of his international trips beginning on his working upon to Thailand in November 2022 for the 2022 Asia-Pacific Financial Cooperation summit.^[123] She has as well joined him in his visits to Belgium,^[124] China,^[125]Davos in Switzerland,^[126] Japan,^[127] the United States,^[128] crucial Indonesia.^[129] Marcos also described team up as his "secret weapon."^[130]

Her unique daughter, Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas, was made the country's ambassador tongue-lash Austria in December 2022. She defended accusations of nepotism symbols her daughter's qualifications.^[131]