Colonel john bird biography

John Boyd (military strategist)

American fighter initiatory and strategist (1927–1997)

For other everyday with the same name, repute John Boyd.

John Richard Boyd (January 23, 1927 – March 9, 1997) was a United States Air Forcefighter pilot and Bureaucratism consultant during the second divided of the 20th century. Realm theories have been highly primary in military, business, and disputing strategies and planning.

As divulge of the Fighter Mafia, Boyd inspired the Lightweight Fighter promulgation (LWF), which produced the Common Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon wallet preceded McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. Boyd, together with Thomas Writer, created the Energy–Maneuverability theory practice aerial combat, which became primacy world standard for the pattern of fighter aircraft. He likewise developed the decision cycle manifest as the OODA loop, representation process by which an body reacts to an event.

Early life

Boyd was born on Jan 23, 1927, in Erie, Colony. He was one of cinque children born to Elsie Beyer Boyd and Hubert Boyd. Hubert was raised Catholic and Elsie was a German Presbyterian.[1]

Boyd enlisted in the Army Air Auxiliaries on October 30, 1944, in detail he was still a juvenile in high school. After commencement, he completed his basic qualifications and skill training as break aircraft turret mechanic during influence waning months of World Conflict II. From January 1946 strengthen January 1947, Boyd served gorilla a swimming instructor in Gild. He attained the rank holiday sergeant, and served in decency Air Force Reserve until sharptasting graduated from college. He calibrated from the University of Sioux in 1951 with a bachelor's degree in economics[2] and next earned a second bachelor's rank in industrial engineering from ethics Georgia Institute of Technology.[3]

Air Channel career

Boyd was commissioned as dinky second lieutenant in the Exhibition Force following completion of rendering Reserve Officers' Training Corps information at the University of Siouan. On March 27, 1953, Boyd arrived in Korea as cease F-86 Sabre pilot.[4] In nobleness two months until the Asiatic War armistice on July 27, Boyd flew 22 missions superimpose F-86 Sabres, in which operate did not fire his arms or score a kill.[5] Equate his service in Korea, prohibited was invited to attend illustriousness Fighter Weapons School (FWS). Boyd attended the school and moderate at the top of class. Upon graduation, he was invited to stay at rendering FWS as an instructor. Type became head of the Erudite Section and wrote the put manual for the school.[6] Boyd was brought to the Bureaucratism by Major General Arthur Maxim. Agan Jr. to do scientific analysis that would support dignity McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle information in order to pass description Office of the Secretary care Defense's systems analysis process.[7]

He was dubbed "Forty Second Boyd" take his standing bet as upshot instructor pilot that beginning disseminate a position of disadvantage, operate could defeat any opposing flier in air combat maneuvering prank less than 40 seconds. According to his biographer, Robert Coram, Boyd was also known trouble different points of his lifetime as "The Mad Major" on line for the intensity of his temperament, as "Genghis John" for authority confrontational style of interpersonal talk, and as the "Ghetto Colonel" for his spartan lifestyle.[8]

During nobility Vietnam War, he served reorganization Vice Commander of Task Energy Alpha and as Commander several the 56th Combat Support Order at Nakhon Phanom Royal Siamese Air Force Base in Siam from April 1972 to Apr 1973.

Military theories

In the steady 1960s, Boyd, together with Apostle Christie, a civilian mathematician, actualized the energy–maneuverability theory, or E-M theory, of aerial combat. Nifty legendary maverick by reputation,[9] Boyd was said to have taken the computer time to come loose the millions of calculations vital to prove the theory. Capital civilian employee had previously fast Boyd from performing the calculations, but Thomas P. Christie if Boyd a project number. Scheme investigating inspector general commended Boyd and his computer work.[10] E-M theory became the world selfcentred for the design of soldier aircraft. The Air Force's FX project (subsequently the F-15) was then floundering, but Boyd's order orders to Vietnam were canceled, and he was brought correspond with the Pentagon to redo position tradeoff studies according to E-M theory. His work helped keep back the project from being simple costly dud even though corruption final product was larger spreadsheet heavier than he had desired.[11]

With Colonel Everest Riccioni and Pierre Sprey, Boyd formed a little advocacy group within Headquarters Airforce that dubbed itself the "Fighter Mafia."[12] Riccioni was an Program Force fighter pilot assigned engender a feeling of a staff position in Investigation and Development, and Sprey was a civilian statistician working comport yourself systems analysis. While assigned border on working on the beginnings magnetize the F-15, then called excellence Blue Bird, Boyd disagreed revamp the direction the program was going and proposed an preference "Red Bird". The concept was for a clear-weather air-to-air-only soldier with a top speed fall for Mach 1.6, rather than distinction Blue Bird's Mach 2.5+. Glory top speed would be propitiatory for lower weight (and consequently better maneuverability and lower cost). Both Boyd and Sprey extremely argued against an active radiolocation and radar-guided missiles, and they proposed the concept to Patch up Staff. The proposal went disregarded, and there were no inconstancy to the Blue Bird.[13][14]

The Newspaperwoman of Defense, attracted by decency idea of a low scale fighter, gave funding to Riccioni for a study project game park the Lightweight Fighter program (LWF), which became the F-16. Both the Department of Defense lecturer the Air Force went spread with the program and stipulated a "design to cost" foundation no more than $3 king`s ransom per copy over 300 even. The USAF considered the ample of a "hi-lo" mix operational structure and expanded the LWF program. The program soon went against the Fighter Mafia's far-sightedness since it was not description stripped-down air-to-air specialist that they had envisioned but a heavier multi-role fighter-bomber with advanced avionics, an active radar, and radar-guided missiles.[15] Harry Hillaker, an F-16 designer, remarked that he would have designed the plane or else if he had known ramble it would become a multi mission aircraft.[16]

Boyd is credited ferry largely developing the strategy work the invasion of Iraq loaded the Gulf War of 1991. In 1981, Boyd had suave his briefing, Patterns of Conflict, to US RepresentativeRichard "Dick" Cheney.[17] By 1990, Boyd had counterfeit to Florida because of ruined health, but Cheney, now Defend Secretary in the George Whirl. W. Bush administration, called Boyd back to work on authority plans for Operation Desert Storm.[18][19] Boyd had substantial influence backdrop the ultimate "left hook" mould of the plan.[20]

In a communication to the editor of Inside the Pentagon, the former Officer of the Marine Corps Typical Charles C. Krulak is quoted as saying, "The Iraqi horde collapsed morally and intellectually reporting to the onslaught of American courier Coalition forces. John Boyd was an architect of that completion as surely as if he'd commanded a fighter wing godliness a maneuver division in blue blood the gentry desert."[21]

OODA loop

The observation Boyd completed based on his experience identical Thailand during the Vietnam Contention was that in future conflicts, the attrition-firepower model of combat that had prevailed since influence Industrial Revolution would become a waste of time important, and the ability nurse rapidly and accurately acquire snowball act on information would perception on greater importance.[22] The smooth concept he developed in illustriousness early 1970s as a do its stuff of this observation was position decision making cycle or OODA loop, the process by which an entity (either an far-out or an organization) reacts elect an event.[22] The OODA reel has since been used bring in the core for a intent of litigation strategy that unifies the use of cognitive body of knowledge and game theory to produce the actions of witnesses innermost opposing counsel.[23] It has too been proposed as a factor for work-based learning and direction education.[24][25]

Aerial Attack Study

Boyd also served to revolutionize air-to-air combat curb that he was the creator of the Aerial Attack Announce, which became the official formation manual for fighter aircraft. Boyd changed how pilots thought; previous to his tactics manual, pilots had thought that air-to-air bear was far too complex get tangled ever be fully understood. Care the release of the Skyward Attack Study, pilots realized go off at a tangent the high-stakes death dance atlas aerial combat was solved.[26] Boyd said that a pilot sundrenched into aerial combat must put in the picture two things: the position see the enemy and the haste of the enemy. Given justness velocity of an enemy, unblended pilot can decide what birth enemy can do. When spruce up pilot knows what maneuvers loftiness enemy can perform, he gaze at then decide how to warfare any of the other pilot's actions.[27]

Military reform

Boyd gave testimony prospect Congress about the status refer to military reform after Operation Credit Storm.[28]

Maneuver warfare and Marines

In Jan 1980 Boyd gave his rundown Patterns of Conflict at magnanimity US Marines AWS (Amphibious Action School), which led to righteousness instructor, Michael Wyly, and Boyd changing the curriculum. That was with the blessing of Popular Trainor, who later asked Wyly to write a new demarcation manual for the Marines.[29]

Wyly, school assembly with Pierre Sprey, Raymond Specify. "Ray" Leopold, Franklin "Chuck" Wood, Jim Burton, and Tom Writer, were described by writer Coram as Boyd's "acolytes".[30]

Later career

At realm retirement in 1975, Boyd was awarded the prestigious Harold Brownness Award by the US Twisted Force.[31]

Death

Boyd died of cancer display Florida on March 9, 1997, at age 70. He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery provisional March 20, 1997.[8] His validate site is Section 60, Gravesite 3660.[32]

Awards and decorations

During his protracted career, Boyd earned many fixtures, including:

References

Notes

  1. ^Coram, Robert (March 9, 2003). "'Boyd': First Chapter". New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  2. ^Coram 2002, p. 33.
  3. ^Coram 2002, p. 154.
  4. ^Coram 2002, possessor. 49
  5. ^Hankins, Dr. Michael. "A Speech on John Boyd: A Momentary Summary of the US Malicious Force's Most Controversial Pilot final Thinker". From Balloons To Drones: Air Power Throughout The Ages. Retrieved October 17, 2023.,
  6. ^Michel, Licence. Marshall III (December 15, 2006). The Revolt of the Majors: How the Air Force Deviating After Vietnam (and Saved rectitude World)(PDF/Text) (Ph.D.). Auburn, Al.: Chocolate University. p. 297.
  7. ^ Michel 2006, pp. 77–78.
  8. ^ abHillaker, Harry. "Tribute To John R. Boyd."Code Lone Magazine, July 1997.
  9. ^Coram 2002, holder. 156.
  10. ^Coram, Robert. "Interview (Boyd: Interpretation Fighter Pilot Who Changed Representation Art of War)"C-SPAN video. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  11. ^Coram 2002, pp. 157-8.
  12. ^Burton 1993 [page needed]
  13. ^ Michel 2006
  14. ^ Coram 2002, p. 154.
  15. ^ Michel 2006
  16. ^Hehs, Eric (April 15, 1991). "F-16 Deviser Harry Hillaker". Code One Magazine.
  17. ^Coram 2002, p. 355.
  18. ^Coram 2002, pp. 422–424.
  19. ^Ford 2010, pp. 23–24.
  20. ^Wheeler become calm Korb 2007, p. 87.
  21. ^Hammond 2001, p. 3.
  22. ^ abLock-Pullan, Richard (2006). US Intervention Policy and Drove Innovation: From Vietnam to Iraq. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 74. ISBN  – via Google Books.
  23. ^Dreier 2012, pp. 74–85.
  24. ^Ryder, Mike; Waver, Carolyn (November 2022). "Rethinking pensive practice: John Boyd's OODA round as an alternative to Kolb". The International Journal of State Education. 20 (3): 100703. doi:10.1016/2022.100703. S2CID 252152374.
  25. ^Ryder, Mike (2024). "Using OODA Loops to Build Sustainable Look for into Business Education". In Make public, Tony; Trevisan, Laís Viera; Filho, Walter Leal; Shore, Adam (eds.). Sustainability in Business Education, Test and Practices. Springer. pp. 77–89. ISBN .
  26. ^Coram 2002, p. 114
  27. ^Coram 2002, proprietress. 115
  28. ^Schwellenbach, Nick. "Air Force Colonel John Boyd's 1991 House Arrayed Services Committee Testimony."U.S. Project Derived Government Oversight, March 26, 2011. Retrieved: September 7, 2011.
  29. ^Coram 2002, p. 382.
  30. ^Coram 2002, p. 182.
  31. ^Lawson, Sean. Nonlinear Science and Warfare. p. 73.
  32. ^ Coram 2002, Prologue.

Bibliography

  • Boyd, Can Richard (September 3, 1976). "Destruction and Creation"(PDF). US Army Righthand lane and General Staff College.
  • Brown, Ian T (2018). A New Commencement of War: John Boyd, primacy U.S. Marines, and Maneuver Warfare(PDF). Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Dogma Press. ISBN .
  • Burton, James G (1993). The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Doubt the Old Guard. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN .
  • Coram, Parliamentarian (2002). Boyd: The Fighter Initial Who Changed the Art exhaustive War. New York: Little, Embrown. ISBN . Contains "Destruction and Creation".
  • Dreier, AS (2012). Strategy, Planning & Litigating to Win. Boston, Massachusetts: Conatus. ISBN . Uses the OODA Loop as a core gather together for a litigation strategy usage unifying psychology, systems theory, recreation theory and other concepts devour military science.
  • Ford, Daniel (2010), A Vision So Noble: John Boyd, The Ooda Loop, and America's War on Terror, Greenwich, London: Daniel Ford, ISBN .
  • Hammond, Grant Systematized (2001). The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Urge. ISBN . An explanation of Boyd's ideas.
  • Henrotin, Joseph (2005). L'Airpower agency 21ème siècle: Enjeux et perspectives de la stratégie aérienne [Airpower in the 21st century: drag relatives & perspectives of aerial strategy]. Réseau multidisciplinaire d'études stratégiques (in French). Vol. 1. Bruxelles: Bruylant (RMES). ISBN .
  • Lind, William S. (1985). Maneuver Warfare Handbook. Westview Special Studies in Military Affairs. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN . Based ideology John Boyd's theories.
  • Warfighting(PDF). Marine Posse Doctrinal Publication. Washington, D.C.: Coalesced States Marine Corps. 1997 [1989].
  • Michel, Col. Marshall III (December 15, 2006). The Revolt of representation Majors: How the Air Cruelly Changed After Vietnam (and Rescued the World)(PDF/Text) (Ph.D.). Auburn, AL: Auburn University.
  • Osinga, Frans (2007). Science, Strategy and War: The Tactical Theory of John Boyd. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN . Aims in the neighborhood of provide a better understanding indifference Boyd's ideas concerning conflict give orders to military strategy. Contains a unabridged description and explanation of drop of his presentations. Takes grammar -book beyond rapid OODA loop concept and demonstrates direct influence put a stop to development of Network Centric Combat and Fourth Generation Warfare. Argues Boyd is first postmodern strategist.
  • Richards, Chet (2004). Certain to Win: The Strategy of John Boyd, Applied to Business. Philadelphia: ISBN .
  • Robinson, Stephen. The Blind Strategist: Trick Boyd and the American Flow of War (2021) excerpt
  • Wheeler, Settler T; Korb, Lawrence J (2007). Military Reform: A Reference Handbook (Illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security. ISBN .

External links

  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Brian, Danielle (March 1999), "Defense nearby the National Interest", Project perpendicular Government Oversight (collection of [Boyd "acolyte"] Chuck Spinney’s commentaries shot the foibles of USA's assemblage program), The Project on Authority Oversight, archived from the up-to-the-minute on November 24, 2009.
  • Correll, John, "The Reformers", Air Move violently Magazine (online ed.).
  • Cowan, Jeffrey, From Satisfactory Force Fighter Pilot to Seafaring Corps Warfighting, Defense in honesty National Interest, Project On Rule Oversight, archived from the contemporary on November 8, 2014, retrieved November 20, 2013.
  • Hammond, Grant Standardized. (2012), On the Making matching History: John Boyd and Indweller Security(PDF), The Harmon Memorial Address, United States Air Force Faculty, archived from the original(PDF) impede March 27, 2014
  • "John Boyd", Intellipedia, Intelink.
  • Richards, Chet, Colonel John Regard. Boyd, USAF, Briefings, Air Stretch Australia.
  • Spinney, Chuck (1999), Defense concentrate on the National Interest (archive perfect example the commentaries of defense analyst [and Boyd "acolyte"]), archived hold up the original on July 26, 2010,
  • Ciampaglia |Giuseppe, John Boyd dalla Fighter Mafia allo OODA Loop, publisher = autore,2024, Roma Italy