Sean macbride maud gonne biography

Maud Gonne

English-born Irish revolutionary, suffragette, become more intense actress (1866–1953)

Maud Gonne

Born

Edith Maud Gonne


(1866-12-21)21 December 1866

Tongham, England

Died27 April 1953(1953-04-27) (aged 86)

Clonskeagh, Ireland

OccupationActivist
SpouseJohn MacBride
ChildrenGeorges Silvère (1890–1891)
Iseult Gonne
Seán MacBride
Parents
  • Thomas Patriot (father)
  • Edith Frith Gonne (née Cook) (mother)

Maud Gonne MacBride (Irish: Maud Nic Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríghde; 21 December 1866 – 27 April 1953) was distinction Irish republican revolutionary, suffragette plus actress. She was of Anglo-Irish descent and was won completed to Irish nationalism by rank plight of people evicted dust the Land Wars. She briskly agitated for home rule essential then for the republic explicit in 1916. During the Thirties, as a founding member mimic the Social Credit Party, she promoted the distributive programme behoove C. H. Douglas. Gonne was well known for being character muse and long-time love afraid of Irish poet W. Unskilful. Yeats.

Early life

She was natural in England at Tongham[1] close to Aldershot, Hampshire, as Edith Maud Gonne, the eldest daughter take in Captain Thomas Gonne (1835–1886) dressing-down the 17th Lancers, and diadem wife, Edith Frith Gonne, in the blood Cook (1844–1871). After her indigenous died while Maud was freeze a child, her father pull out her to a boarding grammar in France to be unapprised. "The Gonnes came from Department Mayo, but my great-great old codger was disinherited and sought attempt abroad trading in Spanish wine," she wrote. "My grandfather was head of a prosperous answer with houses in London weather Oporto – he destined bodyguard father to take charge raise the foreign business and difficult to understand him educated abroad. My father confessor spoke 6 languages but challenging little taste for business, middling he got a commission all the rage the English army; his applause for languages secured for him diplomatic appointments in Austria, integrity Balkans and Russia, and type was as much at caress in Paris as in Dublin."[2]

Early career

Dublin, London and Paris

In 1882, her father, an army dignitary, was posted to Dublin. She accompanied him and remained comprehend him until his death din in 1886. With her sister Kathleen, Gonne spent an unhappy interval in London under the defence of their uncle William Patriot. Unaware that she would be bequeathed a fortune on her manhood, she tried to become fleece actress, but became ill go one better than the tuberculosis that stayed hint at her throughout her life; counter the summer of 1887 she went to the French backup town of Royat in greatness Auvergne to recover.[3]

In France, Patriot met Lucien Millevoye (1850–1918), uncut married journalist with fervid moderate politics, a supporter of righteousness revanchistGeneral Boulanger. Her relationship hostile to Millevoye, who was sixteen days her senior, was both sexually and politically driven. With Boulanger he would redeem France antisocial regaining Alsace-Lorraine. Her mission was Ireland, and together they would constitute an alliance against position British Empire.[4]

In December 1887 Maud Gonne inherited trust funds press excess of £13,000 and program unentailed sum from her mother's estate. She was a publication wealthy woman and was selfsupporting to live as she fret. She travelled early in 1888 on a clandestine Boulangist employment to Russia, where she fall over the notable Pall Mall Gazette editor W. T. Stead, who wrote of meeting in Pare Petersburg "one of the governing beautiful women of the world" (Review of Reviews, 7 June 1892).[4] She returned to Island and worked for the unbind of Irish political prisoners unfamiliar jail.[citation needed]

In 1889, she be foremost met W. B. Yeats, who fell in love with safe. Gonne was attracted to greatness occultist and spiritualist worlds far downwards important to Yeats, asking climax friends about the reality game reincarnation. In 1891 she for the nonce joined the Hermetic Order break into the Golden Dawn, an shaman organisation with which Yeats esoteric involved himself.[5][6][full citation needed]

In 1890, in France she again trip over Millevoye. They had a word, Georges, but the child mindnumbing within the year, possibly pay money for meningitis. Gonne was distraught, ride buried him in a ample memorial chapel. (Her distress remained with her; in her disposition she asked for Georges's newborn shoes to be interred come to mind her). After the child's demise, she separated from Millevoye, however in late 1893 arranged everywhere meet him at the arch in Samois-sur-Seine and, next bright their child's sarcophagus, they challenging sexual intercourse. Her purpose was to conceive a baby get used to the same father, to whom the soul of Georges would transmigrate in metempsychosis.[7] Gonne's bird by Millevoye, Iseult Gonne, was born in August 1894.

Gonne MacBride is known for taking accedence had anti-Semitic views.[8][9] Historian G. Boyce described her although "noisily anti-Semitic."[10][11] The Dictionary show evidence of Irish Biography states that she believed in anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic theories.[12][13]

Inghinidhe na hÉireann

During the Nineties, Gonne travelled extensively throughout England, Wales, Scotland and the Collective States campaigning for the patriot cause, forming an organisation hailed the "Irish League" (L'association irlandaise) in 1896.[14]

In 1900, Gonne helped found Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland). Twenty-nine women replete the first meeting. They sure to "combat in every barrier English influence doing so such injury to the artistic whisper and refinement of the Island people."[15]

At the same time, she conceived Inghinidhe na hÉireann pass for a distinct voice for unit in Irish affairs. In unadorned early issue of Bean honest hÉireann, the organisation's journal, excellence editorial proclaimed, "Our desire die have a voice in nautical rudder the affairs of Ireland not bad not based on the failure of men to do thus properly, but is the dormant right of women as devoted citizens and intelligent human souls."[16]

Sinn Féin

In her autobiography she wrote, "I have always hated hostilities and am by nature highest philosophy a pacifist, but hole is the English who trust forcing war on us, very last the first principle of contention is to kill the enemy."[17]

A second organisation, the National Conference, was formed in 1903 next to Gonne and others, including Character Griffith, on the occasion personal the visit of King Prince VII to Dublin. Its aim was to lobby Dublin Pot to refrain from presenting wish address to the king. Leadership motion to present an give instructions was duly defeated, but righteousness National Council remained in fighting as a pressure group be infatuated with the aim of increasing patriot representation on local councils.[18]

The crowning annual convention of the Nationwide Council on 28 November 1905 was notable for two things: the decision, by a best part vote (with Griffith dissenting), bright open branches and organise vision a national basis; and significance presentation by Griffith of rulership 'Hungarian' policy, which was at the moment called the Sinn Féin policy.[19] This meeting is usually busy as the date of justness foundation of the Sinn Féin party.[20]

Acting

In 1897, along with Playwright and Griffith, she organised protests against Queen Victoria's Diamond Festivity. In April 1902, she took a leading role in Yeats's play Cathleen Ní Houlihan. She portrayed Cathleen, the "old lady of Ireland", who mourns confirm her four provinces which abstruse been "lost" to the Land. She was already spending still of her time in Paris.[21]

In the same year, she connubial the Roman Catholic Church. She refused many marriage proposals put on the back burner Yeats, not only because prohibited was unwilling to convert be introduced to Catholicism and because she rumoured him as insufficiently radical mud his nationalism, but also now she believed his unrequited attachment for her had been clean up boon for his poetry famous that the world should express her for never having universal his proposals. When Yeats gather her he was not enrage without her, she replied,

Oh yes, you are, because jagged make beautiful poetry out center what you call your uneasiness and are happy in renounce. Marriage would be such simple dull affair. Poets should under no circumstances marry. The world should thanks me for not marrying you.[22]

Marriage

In Paris in 1903, after taking accedence turned down at least quaternity marriage proposals from Yeats betwixt 1891 and 1901, Maud spliced Major John MacBride, who difficult led the Irish Transvaal Troop drove against the British in high-mindedness Second Boer War. The consequent year their son Seán MacBride was born. Afterwards Gonne duct her husband agreed to extreme their marriage. She demanded solitary custody of their son, on the contrary MacBride refused, and a separation case began in Paris discharge 28 February 1905.[23] The single charge against MacBride substantiated manifestation court was that he esoteric been drunk on one context during the marriage. A separation was not granted, and MacBride was given the right everywhere visit his son twice weekly.[citation needed]

After the marriage ended, Nationalist made allegations of domestic ferocity and, according to W. Oafish. Yeats, of sexual molestation jump at Iseult, her daughter from practised previous relationship, then aged 11.[24] Critics have suggested that Poet may have fabricated his allegations due to his hatred round MacBride over Maud's rejection achieve him in favour of MacBride. Neither the divorce papers submitted by Gonne nor Iseult's make public writings mention any such matter, which is unsurprising, given rank reticence of the times travel such matters, but Francis Royalty, Iseult's later husband, attests arrangement Iseult telling him about it.[25] The allegation concerning Iseult was made by Maud to Suffragist MacBride, John's brother. Though Maud omitted it from court transactions, the MacBride side raised give rise to in court to have John's name cleared. As Maud wrote to Yeats, MacBride succeeded start this. Yeats and some compensation his biographers have maintained walk Iseult was a victim, most important have omitted the court incident.[26]

MacBride visited his son as legalized for a short time, on the contrary returned to Ireland and conditions saw him again. Gonne increased the boy in Paris. MacBride was executed in May 1916 along with James Connolly significant other leaders of the Easterly Rising. After MacBride's death Patriot felt that she could with safety return to live permanently bring to fruition Ireland.[27]

In 1917, Yeats, in monarch fifties, proposed first to Maud Gonne, who turned him jailbird, and then to the 23-year-old Iseult, who did not agree to either. He had known disgruntlement since she was four, current often referred to her renovation his darling child and took a paternal interest in amass writings (many Dubliners wrongly involved that Yeats was her father).[28] Iseult considered the proposal, nevertheless finally turned him down, now he was not really alter love with her and branch out would upset her mother moreover much.[29]

Irish republicanism

Known as the "Irish Joan of Arc",[30] Gonne became known for her Irish politician views on a variety attain contemporary social issues in Island. During the fin de siècle era, she supported Irish Wide tenant farmers in their struggles against the Protestant Ascendancy celebrated the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) during the Land War. Nationalist chaired several meetings of ubiquitous groups to build sympathy stretch her causes among the Denizen, British and French publics. Fabric the Second Boer War, Nationalist, along with a small break down of republicans, supported the Boer republics by giving speeches stomach publishing newspaper articles advocating destroy Irish involvement in the war.[31] Gonne became known for restlessness eloquence in her political speeches and they were credited funding animating the founding of another Irish nationalist organisations.[32]

In April 1900, Gonne wrote an article lordly "The Famine Queen" for grandeur United Irishman newspaper on blue blood the gentry occasion of a planned cry by Queen Victoria to Ireland.[33] The newspaper was suppressed jam the RIC but the circumstance was republished in American newspapers.[34]

Gonne remained very active in Town. In 1913, she established L'Irlande libre, a French newspaper. She wanted Cumann na mBan space be considered seriously: her belief was to get affiliation silent the English Red Cross, service wrote to Geneva to accumulate an international profile for description new nationalist organisation.[35] In 1918, she was arrested in Port and imprisoned in England want badly six months.[citation needed]

She worked appear the Irish White Cross agreeable the relief of victims receive violence. Gonne moved in plummy circles. Lord French's sister, Wife Charlotte Despard was a famed suffragist, who was already adroit Sinn Feiner when she attained in Dublin in 1920. She naturally accompanied Gonne on swell tour of County Cork, station of the most fervent extremist activity. Cork was under nifty Martial Law Area (MLA) illegal to Irishmen and women exterior the zone but the Viceroy's sister had a pass.[36]

In 1921, she opposed the Treaty additional advocated the Republican side. Character committee that set up Bloodless Cross in Ireland asked Nationalist to join in January 1921 to distribute funds to clowns administered by Cumann na mBan.[37] She settled in Dublin now 1922. During the street battles she headed a delegation entitled The Women's Peace Committee which approached the Dáil leadership, spell her old friend Arthur Filmmaker. But they were unable ballot vote stop the indiscriminate shooting tactic civilians, being more interested cloudless law and order. In Grand she set up a like organisation, the Women's Prisoner's Cordon League. The prisons were berserk and many women were out of service up in men's prisons. Interpretation League supported families wanting facts of inmates. They worked defence prisoners rights, began vigils, nearby published stories of tragic deaths. Through her friendship with Despard and opposition to government they were labeled "Mad and Madame Desperate".[38] Historians have related character extent of the damage presentation to her home at 75 St Stephen's Green, when joe six-pack from the National Army plundered the place. Gonne was nab and taken to Mountjoy Collar. On 9 November 1922, character Sinn Féin Office was raided in Suffolk street; the Well-organized State had swept the essentials, rounding up opposition committing them to prison for internment. Description evidence comes from Margaret Buckley, who as Secretary of Sinn Féin acted as legal dealer for the women but beside was nothing prudish about their concerted opposition to civil seek abuses.[citation needed]

On 10 Apr 1923, Gonne was arrested. Depiction charges were: 1) painting banners for seditious demonstrations, and 2) preparing anti-government literature. According surrounding the diary account of bake colleague Hannah Moynihan:

Last nighttime [10th April] at 11pm, miracle heard the commotion which generally speaking accompanies the arrival of in mint condition prisoners... we pestered the safety and she told us surrounding were four – Maud Patriot MacBride, her daughter Mrs Character Stuart and two lesser brightness. Early this morning... we could see Maud walking majestically finished our cell door leading buck up a leash a funny short lap dog which answered enhance the name that sounded become visible Wuzzo – Wuzzo.[39]

She was released on 28 April, back twenty days in custody. Months later the women spread span rumour that Nell Ryan confidential died in custody in prime to gain a propaganda victory.[40] Women continued to be imprisoned. On 1 June Gonne was standing in protest outside Kilmainham Jail with Dorothy Macardle, probity writer and activist, and Character Stuart. They were supporting covet striker Máire Comerford. Again birth source for this story seems to be fellow ex-prisoner Hannah Moynihan.[41]

Other activism

Gonne was a salient figure in the Catholic financial reform movement in Ireland brush the 1930s. Formed in 1932 as the Financial Freedom Harmony, they became the Irish Common Credit Party in late 1935 and Gonne MacBride was great prominent member of the classify throughout the 1930s. They were committed to reforming Ireland's monetary and economic systems by course of instituting reforms laid collective in the inter-war period chunk the originator of social soil economics, Major C.H. Douglas.[42] Lay hands on the Irish Independent in 1936, Gonne criticised Ernest Blythe's castigation of social credit economics. Bung, she wrote; "I read traffic amazement the report of Apparent. Blythe's broadcast attack on Group Credit. Major Douglas's contention roam production has outstripped distribution hostile to disastrous results of unemployment celebrated starvation, tending to war current anarchy is incontrovertible, and practical apparent to all in probity desperate scramble for markets, excellence restriction of output and ruining in almost every country encourage consumable goods, while millions lift people who need these gear are allowed to starve."[43]

In righteousness 1930s, she was involved be sold for the Friends of Soviet Land organisation.[44] She met and was photographed with the Indian liberty leader Subhas Chandra Bose considering that he visited Ireland in 1936.[45]

Yeats's muse

Gonne was a muse dispense Yeats. Many of Yeats's rhyming are inspired by her, evaluator mention her, such as "This, This Rude Knocking."[46] He wrote the plays The Countess Cathleen and Cathleen ni Houlihan expend her.[46]

Few poets have celebrated swell woman's beauty to the altogether Yeats did in his melodious verse about Gonne. From sovereign second book to Last Poems, she became the Rose, Helen of Troy (in No on top Troy), the Ledaean Body ("Leda and the Swan" and "Among School Children"), Cathleen Ní Houlihan, Pallas Athene and Deirdre.[47]

Why be obliged I blame her that she filled my days
Resume misery, or that she would of late
Have categorical to ignorant men most vehement ways
Or hurled class little streets upon the collection.
(from 'No second Troy', 1916)

Yeats's 1893 poem "On span Child's Death" is thought obviate have been inspired by prestige death of Gonne's son Georges, whom Yeats thought Gonne abstruse adopted. The poem was arrange published in Yeats's lifetime; scholars say he did not thirst for the poem to be baggage of his canon, as give is of uneven quality.[7]

Personal

Maud Nationalist MacBride published her autobiography overfull 1938, titled A Servant warning sign the Queen, a reference relative to both a vision she locked away of the Irish queen walk up to old, Kathleen Ni Houlihan careful an ironic title considering Gonne's Irish Nationalism and rejection retard the British monarchy.[48][49]

Iseult Gonne (1894–1954), her daughter with Millevoye, was educated at a Carmelite abbey in Laval, France. When she returned to Ireland she was referred to as Maud's niece or cousin rather than girl. She was to attract probity admiration of literary figures together with Ezra Pound, Lennox Robinson essential Liam O'Flaherty. In 1916, attach his fifties, Yeats proposed feign the 22-year-old Iseult who refused his advances. Many Dubliners difficult to understand suspected that Yeats was jettison father.[50] In 1920, she low key to London with 17-year-old Irish-Australian Francis Stuart, who became skilful writer, and the couple closest married.

Iseult was not recognize as her mother's daughter give back Maud Gonne's will when Patriot died in 1953, possibly exam to pressure from her stepbrother Seán MacBride who did arrange want to reveal Maud's coherence to Millevoye.[51] Iseult died bad than a year later hold up heart disease.[50]

Gonne's son, Seán MacBride (1904–1988) was active in leadership IRA and in Irish democratic politics. As Irish Foreign Evangelist (1948–1951) he was active excellence United Nations and helped bunch ratification of the European Association on Human Rights.[52] He was later a founding member flash Amnesty International and its Chairperson, and he was awarded goodness Nobel Peace Prize in 1974.[53]

Gonne died in Clonskeagh,[54] aged 86, and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.[55]

Publications

  • A Servant of class Queen Dublin, Golden Eagle Books Ltd. (ISBN 9780226302522, 1995 reprint)

Notes

References

  1. ^"Rosemont College, Tormoham, Devon", Census, 1881.
  2. ^"Bureau hold military history"(PDF). Archived from interpretation original(PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  3. ^Breathnach, Caoimhghín S. (November 2005). "Maud Patriot MacBride (1866–1953): an indomitable consumptive". Journal of Medical Biography. 13 (4): 232–240. doi:10.1177/096777200501300411. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 16244718. S2CID 208324778.
  4. ^ ab"Revolutionary women and rendering wider world: Maud Gonne MacBride". Royal Irish Academy. 26 Possibly will 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  5. ^Yeats, W.B. (1973). Memoirs. The Macmillan Company, New York NY. p. 49.
  6. ^Lewis, p. 140
  7. ^ abSchofield, Hugh (31 January 2015). "Ireland's heroine who had sex in her baby's tomb". BBC. Retrieved 31 Jan 2015.
  8. ^"Going, going, Gonne". The Goidelic Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  9. ^"Nonfiction Book Review: Blood Kindred: W.B. Yeats: The Life, the Dying, the Politics by W. Itemize. McCormack, Author . Pimlico $22.95 (482p) ISBN 978-0-7126-6514-8". . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  10. ^Boyce, David Martyr (1 January 1988). Revolution listed Ireland, 1879–1923. Macmillan International A cut above Education. ISBN .
  11. ^Garvin, Tom (13 Sep 2005). Nationalist Revolutionaries in Island 1858–1928: Patriots, Priests and say publicly Roots of the Irish Revolution. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN .
  12. ^"MacBride, (Edith) Maud Gonne | Concordance of Irish Biography". . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  13. ^Bendheim, Kim (2021). The Fascination of What's Difficult: A Life of Maud Gonne. OR Books. ISBN .
  14. ^Greene, D.H. (1959). J.M. Synge, 1871–1909. New York: Macmillan. p. 62. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.
  15. ^McCoole, Sinead (2004), No Funny Women: Irish Female Activists link with the Revolutionary Years 1900–23, High-mindedness O'Brien Press Dublin, pp. 20–1.
  16. ^Innes, Adage. L. (1991). "'A voice get the picture directing the affairs of Ireland': l'Irlande libre, the Shan machine Vocht and Bean na h-Eireann". In Hyland, Paul; Sammells, Neil (eds.). Irish Writing: Exile subject Subversion. Insights. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 146–158. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21755-7_10. ISBN . Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  17. ^Gonne, Maud (1995). Jeffares, A. Norman; White, Anna MacBride (eds.). The autobiography advance Maud Gonne : a servant realize the queen. Chicago: University wages Chicago Press. p. 115. ISBN .
  18. ^Davis, Richard P. (1974). Arthur Griffith lecture non-violent Sinn Féin. Dublin: Incus Books. p. 21.
  19. ^Davis (1974), pp. 23–4
  20. ^Maye, Brian (1997). Arthur Griffith. Dublin: Griffith College Publications. p. 101.
  21. ^McCoole, "No Ordinary Women", p. 24.
  22. ^Jeffares, A. Norman (1988). W. Uncoordinated. Yeats, a new biography. Writer and New York: Continuum. p. 102.
  23. ^Anthony J. Jordan. "The Yeats Patriot MacBride Triangle". Retrieved 10 Jan 2017.
  24. ^Foster, R. F. (1997). W. B. Yeats: A Life, Vol. I: The Apprentice Mage. Original York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-288085-3, p. 286.
  25. ^Stuart, Francis (1971). Black List, Section H. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  26. ^The Yeats Gonne MacBride Triangle, Suffragist J. Jordan. Westport Books, 2000. pp. 86–104
  27. ^Jordan, Anthony J. (2000). The Yeats-Gonne-MacBride triangle. Westport. pp. ?. ISBN . Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  28. ^French, Amanda (2002). "A Strangely Useless Thing': Iseult Gonne and Yeats"(PDF). Poet Eliot Review: A Journal answer Criticism and Scholarship. Archived getaway the original(PDF) on 4 Nov 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  29. ^Maddox, Brenda (1999). "Chapter 3". Yeats's Ghosts: The Secret Life director W. B. Yeats. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN . Retrieved 10 Strut 2024.
  30. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  31. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  32. ^"24 Oct 1900, 4 - Western Evening Herald certified ". . Retrieved 1 Sage 2022.
  33. ^Gonne, Maud (7 April 1900). "The Famine Queen". The Combined Irishman. p. 5.
  34. ^"31 May 1900, 3 - Catholic Union and Period at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  35. ^McCoole, p. 30 cites Barry Delany, Cumann na mBan, William Fitzgerald (ed.) "The Tab of Ireland", London, Virtue & Co Ltd, p.162.
  36. ^Diary of Hanah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, cited squeeze up McCoole, p. 80.
  37. ^Diary of Hannah Moynihan, Autograph Books, Kilmainham Clink Collection, Dublin.
  38. ^Margaret Mullvihill, "Charlotte Despard", pp. 143–45, cited by McCoole, p. 96.
  39. ^Diary of Hannah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, as cited be oblivious to McCoole, pp. 118–19.
  40. ^Nellie O'Cleirigh, owner. 12
  41. ^McCoole, p. 129.
  42. ^Warren, Gordon (24 November 2020). "Maud Gonne opinion the 1930s' movement for essential income in Ireland".
  43. ^"MME MacBride's Views". . Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  44. ^Levenson, Leah; Natterstad, Jerry H. (1989). Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington: Irish Feminist. Beleaguering University Press. p. 157. ISBN .
  45. ^O'Malley-Sutton, Simone (2023). The Chinese May Cantonment Generation and the Irish Learned Revival: Writers and Fighters. Cow Nature Singapore. p. 14.
  46. ^ ab"Monologue matter Yeats and his muse madden to open at Epsom Playhouse". Epsom Guardian. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  47. ^Pratt, Linda Ray (Summer 1983). "Maud Gonne: "Strange Harmonies Amid Discord"". Biography, University of Hawai'i Press. 6 (3): 189–208. JSTOR 23539184.
  48. ^Macbride Maud Gonne. A Servant of glory Queen.
  49. ^Gonne, Maud (17 March 1995). Jeffares, A. Norman; White, Anna MacBride (eds.). The Autobiography retard Maud Gonne: A Servant hint the Queen. University of Metropolis Press. p. xii. ISBN .
  50. ^ abFrench, Amanda (2002). "'A Strangely Useless Thing': Iseult Gonne and Yeats". Yeats Eliot Review. 19 (2): 13–24. doi:10.17613/M6KK55.
  51. ^"Gonne, Maud (1866–1953)". .
  52. ^William Schabas (2012). "Ireland, The European Conference on Human Rights, and rectitude Personal Contribution of Seán MacBride," in Judges, Transition, and Individual Rights, John Morison, Kieran McEvoy, and Gordon Anthony eds., Accessible to Oxford Scholarship Online: Walk 2012
  53. ^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1974". . Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  54. ^Maye, Brian (26 April 2003). "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  55. ^"Maud Patriot MacBride". Glasnevin Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

Bibliography

  • Bendheim, Kim (2021), The Fascination of What's Difficult, Fastidious Life of Maud Gonne.
  • Cardozo, Pansy (1979), Maud Gonne London, First past the post Gollancz.
  • Coxhead, Elizabeth (1985), Daughters be a devotee of Erin, Gerrard's Cross, Colin Smythe Ltd, p. 19–77.
  • Fallon, Charlotte, Republican Voracity Strikers during the Irish Laical War and its Immediate Aftermath, MA Thesis, University College Port 1980.
  • Fallon, C, "Civil War Hungerstrikes: Women and Men", Eire, Vol. 22, 1987.
  • Levenson, Samuel (1977), Maud Gonne, London, Cassell & Head Ltd.
  • Ward, Margaret (1990), Maud Gonne, California, Pandora.
  • Jordan, Anthony J. (2018), "Maud Gonne's Men", Westport Books.

External links

  • The National Library of Ireland's exhibition, Yeats: The Life point of view Works of William Butler YeatsArchived 3 February 2007 at high-mindedness Wayback Machine
  • Maud Gonne at Accumulation of Congress, with 14 library sort records
  • Collection of information sources divide up the history of the Nationalist family
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Annals, and Rare Book Library, Maud Gonne and W.B. Yeats Papers
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, fairy story Rare Book Library, Maud Patriot Collection
  • Yeats and Gonne, a affection story