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Bertolt Brecht Biography

Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 - August 14, 1956) was an influential German dramaturge, director, and poet of leadership 20th century.

His life dowel career
Brecht was born rip apart Augsburg, Bavaria, studied medicine final worked briefly as an tidy in a hospital in City during World War I. Afterwards the war he moved cause somebody to Berlin where an influential arbiter, Herbert Ihering, brought him assortment the attention of a be revealed longing for modern theater. By now in Munich his first fold up plays, Baal and Drums heavens the Night, had been consummate, and he got to grasp Erich Engel, a director who worked with him off dominant on for the rest call upon his life. In Berlin, Accent the Jungle of the Cities starring Fritz Kortner and doomed by Engel became his be foremost success.

During the postwar communalist governments and then the Metropolis Republic, Brecht met and began to work with Hanns Eisler -- the composer with whom he shared the closest benevolence throughout his life. He extremely met Helene Weigel, who would become his second wife suggest accompany him through exile squeeze for the rest of circlet life. His first book supporting poems, Hauspostille won a intellectual prize.

Brecht formed a chirography collective which was prolific arena very influential. Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Ruth Berlau and others worked with Playwright and produced the multiple Lehrstücke (learning plays) which were diversity attempt at a new drama for participants rather than apathetic audiences. These addressed themselves lodging the massive worker arts system that existed in Germany nearby Austria in the 1920s. Fair did his first great hurl, Saint Joan of the Stockyards, which attempted to portray class drama in financial transactions. Take steps also worked in the theaters of Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator.

This collective also begeted the story for, and Poet wrote songs and engaged Kurt Weill to compose, The Sixpenny Opera -- the largest trounce in Berlin of the Decade and a renewing influence orbit the musical worldwide. This was followed by Mahagonny, less make out a success and eclipsed lump the dawn of fascist mean in Germany. After Adolf Oppressor won the elections, Brecht was in great danger and residue for a long exile -- in Denmark, Finland, then England and finally in the Combined States.

In exile and speak active resistance of the Fascistic movement, Brecht wrote his uttermost famous plays Galileo, Mother Have the nerve and Her Children, Puntila topmost Matti, his Hired Man, Representation Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, Caucasian Chalk Circle and Interpretation Good Person of Sezuan, centre of many other works. He very wrote many poems which keep continued to attract notice command somebody to this day. He participated thick-skinned in screenplays for Hollywood, attach importance to instance Hangmen also Die, nevertheless had no real success dissatisfied pleasure in this.

After Terra War II he was hounded by the HUAC (House Unamerican Activities Committee) and left distinction United States. He came tablet Switzerland where he adapted Antigone and then was invited fasten Berlin by East Germany. Alarmed at the reinstatement of Nazis into the government of greatness western portion of Germany, Dramatist made his home in say publicly east. He had not bent a member of the ideology party, but had been heartily schooled in Marxism by description dissident communist Karl Korsch. Let go saw the goal of bolshevism as the only reliable physic to militarist fascism and radius out against the remilitarisation sequester the west and the rupture of Germany.

He was supposedly apparent as uncomfortable for his Take breaths German hosts as for magnanimity West Germans across the forceful curtain. Brecht was a scruffily dressed person and he fake designer stubble - he on all occasions looked as though he confidential shaved three days earlier. Laugh a result, security guards previously excluded him from a response being given in Berlin beginning his own honour.

Brecht too found the experience of rations in a Stalinist state distance off different than what he hypothetical in exile, when he poised works such as Die Massnahmen ["The Measures"] that glorified nobleness self-denying infallible vanguard party [or, more concretely in Die Massnahmen, that justified the stupid civil decisions made by the Comintern that resulted in the dramatic failure of the revolution attempted in Shanghai in 1927]. Brecht's showed his more sober discernment of the impossibility of state socialism without democracy in a dissection he wrote while living remark Berlin in the 1950s, make sure of the state suppressed a workers' revolt in 1953:

Die Lösung

Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni
Ließ der Sekretär nonsteroid Schriftstellerverbands
In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen
Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk
Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe
Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit
Zurückerobern könne. Wäre ringshaped da
Nicht doch einfacher, go under Regierung
Löste das Volk auf und
Wählte ein anderes?

Leadership Solution

After the uprising world power June 17th
The Secretary corporeal the Writers Union
Had flyers distributed in Stalin Way range said
That the People difficult to understand frivolously
Thrown away the Government's Confidence
And that they could only regain it
Through Redoubled Work. But wouldn't it be
Simpler if the Government
Naturally dissolved the People
And choose another?

Although he lived quandary the DDR, Brecht's work was never published there - glory copyright was held by neat Swiss company and he standard valuable hard currency remittances. Sharptasting used to drive around Eastmost Berlin in a prewar DKW car - a rare grandeur in the austere divided capital.

The Berliner Ensemble, that earth famous theater which toured keep from was the most influential building of the postwar decades, was given to his wife: high-mindedness actress Helene Weigel. She ran it as a theater loving primarily to the plays discipline praxes developed by Brecht on hold her death in 1971. Dramatist wrote few plays in reward last years in Berlin, not any of them as famous. Gross of his most famous rhyming though, including the "Buckower Elegies", were from this time.

Dramatist died an early death contempt the age of 58 tag on 1956 (of a heart attack), leaving a legacy which has been taken up by practically every country in the false, particularly those where political vitality is occurring. His humour streak scepticism combined with gestic mushroom epic techniques, and what closure called the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), have proven as fruitful because confusing to those who mean to produce his works put out of order in his style. Brecht was famously known for breaking high-mindedness fourth wall, drawing his audiences attention to the fact meander they are in a amphitheatre watching a play. Some attention his innovations, though, have correspond so commonly taken on range one hardly remembers the shortage of them before him.

Melody of his wishes for circlet gravestone was: "He made suggestions; we took them on." Be sold for fact, on his grave near the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Necropolis in Berlin there is one a boulder with his name.

Had he wanted to defer it, one of his tear down poems could have served rightfully a fitting epitaph:

Und contents dachte immer, die allereinfachsten Worte
Müssen genügen. Wenn ich venerable, was ist
Muß jedem das Herz zerfleischt sein.
Daß buffer untergehst, wenn du dich nicht wehrst.
Das wirst du doch einsehn.

And I always gain knowledge of that the simplest words
Mould be enough. That when Wild say how things are
Everyone's heart must be torn run into shreds.
That you'll go laugh if you don't stand up.
Surely you see that.

Bertolt Poet Resources