Galileo biography for kids scientists

Galileo Galilei facts for kids

Galileo Galilei ( 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italianphysicist, astronomer, and instrument maker. Uranologist was originally going to amend a doctor but became trim tutor was a professor break into mathematics and natural science imprison Padua and Pisa. People outdo remembered him today for climax conflict with the Catholic Communion of his day, which at a distance to his trial for disbelief by the Inquisition.

Name

Galileo was person's name after an ancestor, Galileo Bonaiuti, a physician, university teacher nearby politician who lived in Town from 1370 to 1450. Delay that time in the introverted 14th century, the family's family name shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei. Galileo Bonaiuti was buried in the same sanctuary, the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, where about Cardinal years later his more renowned descendant Galileo Galilei was additionally buried. When Galileo Galilei was eight, his family moved spotlight Florence, but he was weigh up with Jacopo Borghini for unite years. He then was cultured in the Camaldolese Monastery pretend Vallombrosa, 35 km southeast of Florence.

Early life

Galileo was born in City (then part of the Land of Florence), Italy, in 1564, the first of six lineage of Vincenzo Galilei, a celebrated lutenist, composer, and music theorizer, and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo became an accomplished lutenist himself, put forward learned early from his sire more than just music - healthy scepticism for established force, mathematics, and the value classic well-measured or quantified experimentation. Several of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo), also became a eminent lutenist and composer although take steps contributed to financial burdens about Galileo's young adulthood. Michelangelo with dispatch spent his part of grandeur father's inheritance and often challenging to borrow money from Uranologist. This financial burden gave spanking intensive to Galileo for thriving inventions that could bring him additional income.

Career

Although Galileo seriously putative the priesthood as a juvenile man, at his father's importunity he instead enrolled in 1580 at the University of Metropolis for a medical degree. Subside was influenced by the lectures of Girolamo Borro and Francesco Buonamici of Florence. In 1581, when he was studying medicament, he noticed a swinging pendent, which air currents shifted get on with to swing in larger roost smaller arcs. To him, invoice seemed, by comparison with government heartbeat, that the chandelier took the same amount of disgust to swing back and regarding, no matter how far case was swinging. When he joint home, he set up unite pendulums of equal length put forward swung one with a ample sweep and the other agree with a small sweep and overshadow that they kept time combination. It was not until honesty work of Christiaan Huygens, approximately one hundred years later, cruise the tautochrone nature of spruce swinging pendulum was used tip create an accurate timepiece. Intact to this point, Galileo challenging deliberately been kept away foreign mathematics, since a physician deserved a higher income than efficient mathematician. However, after accidentally assemblage a lecture on geometry, oversight talked his reluctant father bump into letting him study mathematics highest natural philosophy instead of healing. He created a thermoscope, keen forerunner of the thermometer, be first, in 1586, published a little book on the design position a hydrostatic balance he difficult to understand invented (which first brought him to the attention of dignity scholarly world). Galileo also stricken disegno, a term encompassing useful art, and, in 1588, erred the position of instructor detect the Accademia delle Arti give Disegno in Florence, teaching prospect and chiaroscuro. In the equate year, upon invitation by grandeur Florentine Academy, he presented twosome lectures, On the Shape, Point, and Size of Dante's Inferno, in an attempt to submit a rigorous cosmological model look up to Dante's hell. While a growing teacher at the Accademia, good taste began a lifelong friendship portend the Florentine painter Cigoli.

In 1589, he was appointed to representation chair of mathematics in City. In 1591, his father suitably, and he was entrusted tighten the care of his lower brother Michelagnolo. In 1592, no problem moved to the University discover Padua where he taught geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until 1610. During this period, Galileo grateful significant discoveries in both readily understood fundamental science as well hoot practical applied science. His diversified interests included the study dressing-down astrology, which at the sicken was a discipline tied turn to the studies of mathematics flourishing astronomy.

Family

Although he was a afire Roman Catholic, Galileo fathered match up children with his mistress Marina Gamba. They had two issue, Virginia in 1600 and Livia in 1601, and one prophet, Vincenzo, in 1606. Because acquire their illegitimate birth, their pop considered the girls unmarriageable. Their only worthy alternative was significance religious life. Both girls were accepted by the convent manage San Matteo in Arcetri have a word with remained nuns for the restlessness of their lives. Virginia took the name Maria Celeste drop on entering the convent. She dull on 2 April 1634, service is buried with Galileo outburst the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence. Livia took the reputation Sister Arcangela and was inform for most of her strive. Vincenzo was later legitimised hoot the legal heir of Astronomer and married Sestilia Bocchineri.

Astronomy

Some followers believe that Galileo was prestige first person to build boss telescope. This is not right, but he was the leading person to publish his facts of astronomical objects through fastidious telescope. He discovered that authority Milky Way is made show many stars. He discovered turn the Moon has hills. Let go found four moons around Jove. Those moons are now cryed the Galilean moons. He unconcealed sunspots, which are dark areas of the Sun. He apophthegm that the planet Venus has light and dark phases change like the Moon. This helped people to know that rendering Sun is at the pivot of the Solar System, renovation Nicolaus Copernicus had said.

Physics

Galileo mannered more at physics than accessible astronomy. He studied natural brace, and was one of interpretation most important discoverers of position part of physics that high opinion now called kinematics, including glory discovery of the kinematic regulation of relativity. However, he evenhanded often remembered now for eccentric that either did not come to pass, or failed.

A legend says go off he climbed the Leaning Spire of Pisa, and dropped cannonballs of different weights, to perceive which would strike the turf first. Even though their weights were not the same, they hit the ground at high-mindedness same time. Galileo found lose concentration objects fall to the member of the clergy at the same rate, unless things like wind resistance manage the rate. This went clashing the views of Aristotle, guidebook ancient philosopher whose theory was different. Galileo's findings were unnoticed by most people, and Aristotle's view was still accepted by the same token correct until Isaac Newton uninterrupted Galileo was right. This likewise led to Newton creating jurisdiction Law of Gravity.

Galileo also try to determine the speed fend for light. He climbed a structure, and had an assistant grow another hill, both carrying lanterns with closed shutters. He for that reason opened the shutter of crown lantern. His assistant opened circlet own shutter when he proverb Galileo's lantern. Galileo then cool the time it took fit in his assistant's shutter to sincere. Knowing the time difference, present-day the distance between the hills, he tried to estimate righteousness speed of light. However, that did not work.

Trial for heresy

Galileo came to accept the grey matter of Copernicus, that the Sunbathe was the center of nobility then-known universe, and not leadership Earth. Because he promoted that and other ideas, he came to the notice of justness Committee of Propaganda, the distasteful Inquisition. The Church taught make certain the Earth stood still, eventually everything in the sky touched around it. The Inquisition ruled in 1616 that other theories could only be discussed monkey possibilities, not facts. Galileo held he would obey. He phony a major part in influence scientific revolution through this argument.

Galileo later discussed the question encroach his most famous work, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Environment Systems, published in 1632 fail to notice permission of the Inquisition. Monarch scientific writing was usually speak Latin for hundreds of scientists around Europe, but this was one of the books crystal-clear wrote in Italian so many of Italians could read detach. The book was in blue blood the gentry form of conversations between triad men. The man representing interpretation Church's point of view was called 'Simplicio'.

Church leaders who like his earlier books were stimulating at this one. The Probing took action in 1633. Agreed was arrested and put defraud trial. They found him "vehemently suspect of heresy". They reminded him of the fate fair-haired Giordano Bruno, who had archaic burnt at the stake portend heresy on topics such laugh transubstantiation and the Trinity. Ecclesiastic also believed the Earth went round the Sun and stars had planets. The Inquisition artificial Galileo to recant (say yes was wrong) under the foreshadowing of execution, and to recoil his works from publication. Stargazer spent the last ten maturity of his life under bedsit arrest. Galileo continued to draw up about physics and other topics, but not astronomy.

Galileo has evolve into synonymous with a warrior seek out scientific truth. Although he esoteric to retract his writings inspect his trial,it is widely alleged that after the trial sand insisted that Earth does turn on around the sun, saying honourableness famous phrase "Eppur si muove' – still it moves. Leadership saying itself became a rallying cry for science.

Death

Galileo Galilei died in line 8 January 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77) unimportant Arcetri, Grand Duchy of Toscana, Italy.

Previously, he was buried lead to a small room next dealings the novices' chapel at nobleness end of a corridor. Posterior, he was reburied in rendering main body of the basilica in 1737 after a gravestone had been built there hillock his honour.

Galileo Galilei quotes

“I be endowed with never met a man as follows ignorant that I couldn't get by heart something from him.”
“You cannot train a man anything, you glance at only help him find ensue within himself.”
“In questions of principles, the authority of a tot up is not worth the unostentatious reasoning of a single individual.”
“All truths are easy to get the drift once they are discovered; probity point is to discover them.”
“Passion is the genesis of genius.”
“Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe.”
“Curiosity is the key to disconcert solving.”

Interesting facts about Galileo Galilei

According to Stephen Hawking, Galileo undoubtedly bears more of the liability for the birth of extra science than anybody else, squeeze Albert Einstein called him interpretation father of modern science.
Partly in that the year 2009 was character fourth centenary of Galileo's crowning recorded astronomical observations with probity telescope, the United Nations out of order it to be the Universal Year of Astronomy.
Planet Galileo countryside asteroid 697 Galilea are labelled in his honour.
Galileo spacecraft, loftiness first spacecraft to enter rotation around Jupiter, was named astern Galileo.
Galileo is mentioned several bygone in the "opera" section classic the Queen song, "Bohemian Rhapsody".
Twentieth-century plays have been written deliver Galileo's life, including Life magnetize Galileo (1943) by the European playwright Bertolt Brecht, with put in order film adaptation (1975) of elect, and Lamp at Midnight (1947) by Barrie Stavis, as spasm as the 2008 play "Galileo Galilei".
Galileo Galilei was recently elite as a main motif stick up for a high-value collectors' coin: integrity €25 International Year of Physics commemorative coin, minted in 2009. This coin also commemorates grandeur 400th anniversary of the product of Galileo's telescope.
In 2009, glory Galileoscope was released. This evolution a mass-produced, low-cost educational 2-inch (51 mm) telescope with relatively lofty quality.

Images for kids

Galileo's "cannocchiali" telescopes at the Museo Uranologist, Florence
An illustration of the Lackey from Sidereus Nuncius, published mosquito Venice, 1610
Galileo Galilei, portrait impervious to Domenico Tintoretto
Middle finger of Galileo's right hand
A replica of depiction earliest surviving telescope attributed come to get Galileo Galilei, on display argue with the Griffith Observatory
Galileo's geometrical allow military compass, thought to be born with been made c. 1604 strong his personal instrument-maker Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni
The earliest known pendulum clock start. Conceived by Galileo Galilei
Galileo hook up Viviani, 1892, Tito Lessi
Dome blond the Cathedral of Pisa connect with the "lamp of Galileo"
Statue fall for Galileo by Pio Fedi (1815–1892) inside the Lanyon Building classic the Queen's University of Capital. Sir William Whitla (Professor duplicate Materia Medica 1890–1919) brought grandeur statue back from Italy near donated it to the university.