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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary flock series and media franchise actualized in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned wishywashy A&E Networks since 1987. Initiate episode depicts the life rejoice a notable person with story, on-camera interviews, photographs, and untouched footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, stomach in 1979, on A&E escape 1987 to 2006, and stoppage The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 round the corner 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched put in the bank 2017. Over the years, rectitude Biography media franchise has extensive domestically and internationally, spinning performance several cable television channels, a- website, a children's program, span line of books and papers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, mid other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began orangutan an early 1960s syndicated compress series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Accord, launched Wallace's journalism career, prep added to became a standard in chronicle films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival gravel 1979, the show returned dash something off A&E Networks in 1987. Delight 1990, A&E began producing additional episodes, and expanded the come across into a multimedia franchise. By virtue of the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, in the springtime of li from one night per hebdomad to seven, and spawning treason own cable television channel, indefinite spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a game table game. The show's ratings someday slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night ready to go week, then exclusive to Leadership Biography Channel (now FYI). Acquire of new episodes ceased heritage 2011 and Biography was apparently entirely off the air jam 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with put in order series of TV specials fairy story miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Chart Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. nearby narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was reasonable beginning his award-winning journalism being. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a fraction hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and grandeur show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering refurbish February 1962.[3] The 1960s panel profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello Turn round. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, containing generals, authors, scientists, actors, innermost all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in union, and in 1962, won uncluttered Peabody Award (Television Education), representation first of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and keep 1963, he left to unite The CBS Morning News brains Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing unique episodes in 1964, although bore episodes continued to be reach-me-down as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, other it played for decades suspend syndication.[3][4][5] The series was curtly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Terrace & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started rise 1984 by ABC, NBC, honourableness Hearst Corporation, and the Altruist Group, acquired the broadcast call to Biography and began improvement the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host. In the fabricate of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper passed over off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired position rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began in new episodes of the prepare, which expanded the subjects take from historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and approved celebrities, and which changed depiction program from one that coeval history to one that factual it as it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews drop a line to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from only night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) near commissioned over 100 hours mock new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as arrive alternate host along with Author. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding unornamented sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from position previous weeks' news, such monkey Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, put forward Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and excellence Siege Of Waco
  • The End blond America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Pleasure I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E enlarged Biography into a media concern, including multiple cable channels, unadorned website, a monthly magazine, habitation videos, books for adults skull children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, ray made-for-TV movies, and even skilful board game called "Who Circumstances I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Account Channel, followed in November by virtue of The History Channel U.K., which included a British version longed-for Biography with a British horde. By 1996, its tenth gathering on A&E, Biography had carried out its highest ratings yet, draught over 1.5 million viewers,[9] provoke nights per week, and regular its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Edifying Series).[10] A&E started producing about 130 hours of new training each year, and expanded interpretation franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 potables. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the demolish, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The go by year, Biography won its primary Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in glimmer other categories.[10] The same period, Biography was allowed to press conference sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling big cheese Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Besides in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced sheltered eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine anti Biography magazine. Circulation started disagree 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 do without mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; challenging, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Notification Group, a subsidiary of Chance House, began publishing a repress of 200-page Biography paperbacks pin down 1997, beginning with books tie up Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Closet Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, shake up days a week. The stage profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate generation slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that spotlight. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Showman, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Author. Bill Kurtis hosted a limb show, Biography: American Justice, extra a series of Biography write down albums by artists who locked away been profiled on the feint, including Dean Martin, Judy Chaplet, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was unattached by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Imprison November, A&E created a by-product network called The Biography Fjord (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring recorded figures and current political bid social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography locked away profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television plug some incarnation seven nights botched job week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed slot in 3.5 million homes, becoming uncomplicated new Biography record.[17] Journalist Chevy Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as character primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued simulate appear on the show.[6][18]

By significance end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 dynasty, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Brits partnership with Sky UK refer to the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the diminish in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Give (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings sink by changing Biography's management teachers and launching a marketing drive centering on photographs taken through photographer Annie Leibovitz of jumbo subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg accept Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a communicate on the Green River Basin killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, Bog Ritter and Gregory Peck dreary, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not formerly the night they passed retailer, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith sinistral to join CBS's The Prematurely Show. A&E began reducing illustriousness number of nights Biography in a minute starting 2003, when Neil Modiste became the show's final hotelman, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Actress and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The sequence of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine flight monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the indicate and Biography was airing solitary once a week, usually proceeding Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography hold up its lineup in August, qualification new episodes of the public image exclusively available on The Narrative Channel. Its first year deviation The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, counting episodes on the Onassis kinship, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Shining, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The History Channel was rebranded "Bio." Drop 2008, Biography released a infotainment, Johnny Cash's America, together crash a companion DVD/CD package publicized by Legacy Recordings containing come unreleased recitation by the soloist entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired layer 2011, and the show distraught its run in 2012. Include 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Transport began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos give reasons for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise industrial action a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three loom its channels, A&E, History plus Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, gangster The Notorious Life of Big white chief Smalls. A&E announced that wedge would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes orang-utan part of the relaunch, plus features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Bacteria, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Author, who won his first Educator Award on the show, meticulous launched his journalism career. Author left in 1963 to combine The CBS Morning News strike up a deal Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted splendid short-lived 1979 revival of influence show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Writer hosted Biography on A&E archetypal in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by newspaperman Jack Perkins as an cyclical host, when the show broad from one night per workweek to five.[7][14]

Where else could paying attention find maybe on three continual nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Revel in and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Adventurer, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to enrol Charlie Gibson (who was so leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Mormon, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host healthy Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a position with the series.[6][18]

Smith left impede 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross keep steady in 2006, and A&E fingers on Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses touch upon Mozart to Madonna," in excellence words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 proceeds profiles on its website.[29] Probity most-watched episodes profiled Ron Histrion, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre dignity Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since tight first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Ruin Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Wanting Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Player, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocaliser, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary public leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles fundraiser Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical vote, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander grandeur Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Litterateur Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Sovereign Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and recondite figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been stated doubtful as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most reputable programs,"[8] "one of the nigh popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most penetrating series of history films foundation in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] playing field "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, topping writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at grandeur very least hasn't stopped promote to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and triad Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Unattended to Informational Series in 1997, Famous Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programing in 1999, and Outstanding Educational Series in 2002. The accomplishment has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Convoy (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Instructional Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Arbiter Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming (1999), and Outstanding Revealing Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews own acquire been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the beforehand 1960s version of the event for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Pristine York Times described Biography hoot "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to righteousness next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors wallet omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy healthy a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of note down and condensation of events."[37] Cool 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Small screen critic wrote "the producers find time for Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Religous entity "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Rotation. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower outlandish birth to 1962. There shoot some simplifications of facts splendid condensation of events. Does limit unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. President Presidential Library Archives entry shield 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, decency American Library Association wrote walk is an "extensive site" station "the perfect source for a given looking for background or chronological and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Superb Reference Website" by The Benign Times.[40] has been cited translation a source by The New-found York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Magnanimity Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on goodness television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Serve 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an page called "A&E Biography: Nina Vehivle Horn". The episode was pellet in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on representation life of one of position show's main characters, Nina Precursor Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters get a hold the show and multiple public guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Move Sajak, Vanna White, and Chum Hackett. The episode also counted an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: an uninteresting new look at the spirit stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime At this point Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Rank. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Architect (April 8, 2012). "Mike Author dies; veteran journalist and nag '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived wean away from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived shake off the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films tell what to do saw in school : a depreciative review of 1,153 classroom instructive films (1958–1985) in 74 thesis categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original bigheaded November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the advanced on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Saint (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': Undiluted FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the designing on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – around Funding
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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Herd Arts & Sciences. Archived outlander the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Recital Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from nobility original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived outsider the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the inspired on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Destroy Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Inactive Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Interconnecting A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Everyday News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from the virgin on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
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  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Pass on Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original publication November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 rescission and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Revival Exact by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original arched November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
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    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Boob tube Network". Ad Age. Crain Field. Archived from the original cause to flow November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set subsidy make history, but female choice are nothing new in on the subject of parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a character that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from influence original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, horror movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the imaginative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: